Ph.D. Public Health

Doctor of Philosophy in Public Health

Ph.D. Public Health

List of Academic Staff

Name	Status and Qualification	Research Interests
I. S. Abdulraheem	Professor & Head of Department. MBBS, MPA (Ilorin); MPH (Lagos); M.Sc. (Ibadan); MD, FMCPH (NPMCN, Lagos); FRIPH (London); Ph.D. (TAU, Central Nicaragua); FAIPH (Ghana)	Epidemiology Disease Surveillance, Health Emergency, Economics of Health Care Financing leadership and management of Geriatrics
T. M. Akande	Professor, MB;BS (ABU, Zaria); M.Sc. (Ilorin); FMCPH (NPMCN, Lagos); MNIM	Health Planning and Management. Health Care Financing and Human Resources for Health
G. K. Osagbemi	Professor, MB;BS (Ilorin); M.Comm.H (Ilorin); Dip. Intern. Health, FWACP (W/Africa)	Disasters and Public Health Emergencies, PHC and International Health
I. O. Musa	Professor, MB;BS (Ilorin); FMCPH (NPMCN, Lagos); FWACP (W/Africa)	Epidemiology, PHC, Ecology and Health
A. G. Salaudeen	Professor, MB;BS (ABU, Zaria); FWACP (W/Africa); FMCPH, MD (NPMCN, Lagos); MPH (Ilorin); FRSPH (UK); Ph.D. (Ilorin)	Medical Sociology and Epidemiology
S. A. Aderibigbe	Professor, MB;BS, MPH (Ilorin); FWACP (W/Africa)	Reproductive Health and Public Health Nutrition
M. J. Saka	Professor, MB;BS, MPH, MBA, Ph.D., Cert. Health Plan and Mgt. (Ilorin); Dip. Health Systems (Israel); Advanced Dip. Law (Nigeria); FMCPH (NPMCN, Lagos); Cert HMIS (Ilorin); Cert. Health Economics (World Bank)	Health Management & Administration, Health Economics, Health Policy, Public Health Law & International Health. Epidemiology and Surveillance
O. A. Bolarinwa	Reader, MB;BS, MPH (Ilorin); FWACP (W/Africa); Ph.D. (UPM, Putra)	Cardiovascular Health, Health Systems Research and Epidemiology
M.M.B. Uthman	Reader, MB;BS, MPA, MPH (Ilorin); FWACP (W/Africa); MNIM (Chartered); MSM, Cert. Data Processing& Management Information Systems (Ilorin); Research Synthesis (Cape Town); Cert Advanced Dip in Ethics (NIH, USA); Cert EBHC (Stellenbosch)	Occupational Health, Demography Research Ethic and Evidence- Based Health Care, Environmental Health and Biostatistics

Hafsat A. Ameen

Senior Lecturer,
MB;BS, MPH (Ilorin); FWACP (W/Africa); Ph.D. (Ilorin)

Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Public Health Immunology, Health Promotion and Health Communication

B. Introduction

The programme is a research degree designed for candidates aspiring for leadership positions in Public Health. The following areas of specialization are available in the degree programme: Tropical Public Health and Epidemiology, Health Administration and Management, Occupational Health, Health Education, Public Health Nutrition, Environmental Health, Reproductive Health.

C. Philosophy

The philosophy of the programme is based on the understanding that public health challenges faced by communities/societies are best solved by comprehensive understanding of the problem through research.

D. Aim and Objectives

The aim of the programme is to develop highly specialized manpower pool for the realization of public health goals at national and international levels.

Objectives:

providing opportunities for high quality and creative research output at the postgraduate level; and
building research capacities on community-based health strategies for the prevention of diseases.

E. Admission Requirements

Candidates are expected to have the following:

Five O Level Credits or its equivalent in Mathematics, English Language, Biology, Chemistry and Physics.
A minimum of B average (60%) at Master degree level.
A Master degree in Public Health or any other relevant disciplines in the health sector, depending on the intended area of specialization among Tropical Public Health and Epidemiology, Health Administration and Management, Occupational Health, Health Education, Public Health Nutrition, Environmental Health and Reproductive Health.
At least 3 years post Master degree within the Health Sector.

F. Duration of the Programme

The Full-time programme shall run for a minimum of 36 calendar months and a maximum of 60 calendar months.
The Part-time programme shall run for a minimum of 48 to a maximum of 72 calendar months.

G. Detailed Course Description

ECH 900 Principles of Epidemiology 2 Credits

Principles and methods of epidemiology: descriptive and experimental epidemiology of communicable and non-communicable diseases. Disease prevention and control. Burden of diseases. QALYS, DALYS. 30h (T); C

ECH 901 Research Ethics 1 Credit

Ethical issues in conduct of research. Informed consent: disclosure of conflicts of interest. Multiple authorship issues. Discrimination: racial and gender. Physician patient relationships: treatment refusal, medical errors. 15h (T); C

ECH 902 Seminar 2 Credits

Presentation of seminar on a defined problem in the area of specialisation within the context of primary health care. Regular conferences to discuss research design: proposed solutions. Completion and presentation of research proposal. Commencement of field work. Pre-tests and assessment of provisional data. Registration of title of thesis. 90h (P); C

ECH 903 Biomedical Writing Developing Skills 1 Credit

Developing skills in biomedical research and writing in papers and articles in scientific journals. Proposal writing. 15h (T); C

ECH 904 Research Methodology in Public Health 2 Credits

Research design. Sampling techniques. Data collection methods and tools. Bias in research. Types of errors. Data analysis and presentation. Presentation. Ethics in research. 30h (T); C

ECH 905 Medical Statistics 2 Credits

Sources of data, collection and data processing. Basic probability concepts: probability distributions, sampling distributions, hypothesis testing, analysis of variance, linear regression and correlation. Multiple regression analysis. Sources of demographic statistics including census, registration and surveys. Basic demographic measures: rates, ratio and proportion. Population pyramid measures of mortality, fertility and morbidity, rates adjustment techniques: direct and indirect standardisation. 30h (T); C

ECH 906 Advanced Statistical Methodology 2 Credits
Analysis of variance. Simple linear regression. Correlation. Multiple regression analysis. Non-parametric techniques. Sources of data and data processing. Probability concepts: probability distribution, sampling distribution, hypothesis testing. Use of computer in data storage and analysis. Life table techniques. 15h (T); 45h (P); C

ECH 907 Advanced Health Education Theories, Concepts and Principles 2 Credits

Review and analysis of behavioural science. Foundations of health behaviour. Health education theories, concepts and principles. 30h (T); E

ECH 908 Units of Health Education Practice 2 Credits

Relationship of family and kinship patterns to health behaviour. Global perspectives of family health and implications for planned change. 30h (T); E

ECH 909 Community Organisation/Development for Health Education 2 Credits

Focus on community as unit of practice for positive healthful changes. Issues in and methods for community assessment and promotion of change. 15h (T); 45h (P); E

ECH 910 Health Education Media and Methods 2 Credits

Selection and use of learning materials and strategies which are effective in health education programmes. Critical and in-depth examination of selected media appropriate for health education in primary health care context. 15h (T); 45h (P); E

ECH 911 Consultation: Theory and Practice 2 Credits

Concept and theories of consultation process. Role and functions of the consultant. Methods and skills applicable to individuals, agencies and administrative settings. Linkage of consultation process to patient education and counselling. 15h (T); 45h (P); E

ECH 912 Foundations of Health Education Practice 2 Credits

Development of health education as a profession. Settings where health educators practice current issues of concern to the profession in context of primary health care. Internship on a selected programme with public health focus. 15h (T); 45h (P); E

ECH 913 History and Evolution of Public Health in Nigeria 1 Credit

Overview of antecedents and events which constitute landmarks in the development of public health in Nigeria. Outstanding persons and places in the history of public health in Nigeria. 15h (T); E

ECH 914 Public Health Surveillance 2 Credits

Public health surveillance field work. Disease outbreak investigation. 15h (T); 45h (P); E

ECH 915 Primary Health Care 2 Credits

History philosophy. Strategies and components of primary health care. Structure and organisation of primary health care. Community involvement. Role of other sectors and interest groups. 30h (T); E

ECH 916 Advanced Demography in Public Health 2 Credits

Life table techniques. Stable population. Population models. Population estimation and projection. 30h (T); E

ECH 917 Public Health Laws and Consumer Protection 2 Credits

Application of law and legislative process to policy in health care delivery system. Health manpower and consumer protection. Regulation of quality health care. Consumer involvement and accessibility to health delivery systems. International and national health organisations. Health related NGOs. Public health laws. Medical malpractice. Law of health care institution. 30h (T); E

ECH 918 Operational Research in Public Health 2 Credits

Research design. Analysis of large databases. Cost effectiveness analysis. Survey methods. Assessment of health status. Assessment of quality. Measurement of access to care. 30h (T); E

ECH 919 Disasters and Public Health Emergencies 2 Credits

Ecology of natural and man-made disasters. Disaster preparedness. Management and control of the health implications of disasters. International response to disasters. Surveillance in the control of disasters. Disasters relief operations. Management of refugees and internally displaced persons. Epidemics. 30h (T); E

ECH 920 Nutritional Epidemiology 2 Credits

Current topics in nutritional epidemiology. Skill for criteria evaluation of the nutritional epidemiologic literature. 30h (T); E

ECH 921 Readings in Public Health Nutrition 2 Credits

Selected readings: public health issues in nutrition. Students may be called upon to assist in teaching and supervision of relevant departmental programs. 30h (T); E

ECH 922 Analytical Methods in Nutritional Epidemiology 2 Credits

Skills and techniques required to study exposures. Anthropometric status. Disease outcomes. Skills in analysis and interpretation of anthropometric data. 30h (T); E

ECH 923 Biochemistry of Nutrition-related Diseases 2 Credits

Seminar and problem-based approach to the Biochemistry of nutrition-related diseases: obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, cancer and osteoporosis. 30h (T); E

ECH 924 Obesity Epidemiology 2 Credits

Epidemiologic research on the causes: consequences and prevention of obesity. Methodological issues pertinent to obesity research. 30h (T); E

ECH 925 Diet and Cancer 2 Credits

Epidemiologic research on food-related exposures and prevention of cancer of various sites. Skills for conducting and analyzing epidemiologic studies on gene- nutrient interactions incarcinogenesis. 30h (T); E

ECH 926 Introduction to Human Sexuality 2 Credits

Anatomy and physiology of the reproductive system: male and female. Pregnancy, prenatal anatomic and physiology sexual differentiation and development the physiology of childbirth and fertility regulation. 30h (T); E

ECH 927 Human Sexuality I 2 Credits

Social psychological approach to the study of human sexual behaviour: attitudes and values. Functional and dysfunctional aspects of sexuality. Autoerotic, homosexual, bi-sexual and heterosexual behaviours. Site visits and interviews. 30h (T); E

ECH 928 Human Sexuality II 2 Credits

Overview of the dysfunctional aspects of human sexuality. Non-standard forms of human sexuality. Non-standard forms of human sexual behavior. Attitudes and values. Review of recent research. Case studies as main learning strategy. 30h (T); E

ECH 929 Sexual, Reproductive and Family Health Problems 2 Credits

Review and analysis of the role and impact of education in the modification of sexual practices. Prevention of sexually transmitted disease. Etiology of selected RTIs. STIs, HIV/AIDS. Reproductive cancers: groups or individuals at risk. Exact behaviours education designed to influence. STD control components. 30h (T); E

ECH 930 Counselling in Family, Human Sexuality and Reproduction 2 Credits

Application of individual and counselling theories and techniques in the area of family health human sexuality and reproduction. Psychological and social foundation underlying the counselling process. Relevant research data. 30h (T); E

ECH 931 Principles of Curriculum Design and Development in Sexual, Reproductive and Family Health 2 Credits

Basic skills in curriculum design as it relates to educational programs in the sexual, reproductive and family health sciences. 30h (T); E

ECH 932 Reproductive Physiology for Public Health Specialist 2 Credits

Physiology of human reproduction. Proficiency in diagnosis of the normal and recognition of deviations from the normal. Menstrual cycle. Physiologic changes of pregnancy. Labour and delivery. Reproductive endocrinology. Conception. Interrelationship between mother and foetus. Maternal-foetal placental physiology. Introduction to gynaecology. 30h (T); E

ECH 933 Human Sexuality and Well Woman Gynaecology 2 Credits

Understanding and acceptance of own sexuality and that of others. Psychosexual development of the individual. Preparation for marriage and family living. Management of common gynaecological problems. Sexually transmitted diseases. Parameters of differential diagnosis. Treatment modalities: co-management, collaboration and referrals. Counselling, education and provision of birth control methods. Legal, ethical, religious issues related to family planning. Management of care: pre-menopause and post-menopause. Therapies for alleviating the common discomforts that accompany ageing. Role of reproductive and family health specialist in the delivery of effective family planning services and womens health care problems. 30h (T); E

ECH 934 Normal Obstetrics Management 2 Credits

Framework of the sexual and reproductive health management process for the primary care of the normal women and her newborn during the maternity cycle. Management skills for care during preconception: pregnancy, labour, delivery, postpartum and immediate care of the newborn. Specific skills: supportive care during labour, performance of local and regional anaesthesia, repair of episiotomy and lacerations, delivery of the baby and immediate care of the newborn. Education of the family. Different approaches to childbirth preparation. Functions and responsibility of being a health team member. 30h (T); E

ECH 935 Fundamental Concepts in Public Health 2 Credits

Sexual and reproductive health. Skills and methods underlining public health practice. Basic disciplines in the field of public health using interdisciplinary approach: class discussions, workshops and field experiences, alternatives for meeting the needs of women and children. Public health specialist roles in health promotion, conservation and restoration and disease prevention. Responsibility as members of the health team. 30h (T); E

ECH 936 Problems and Complications of Obstetrics 2 Credits

Basic knowledge and critical evaluation of deviations from normal. Complication and risk factors affecting the health of women and foetus during preconception, pregnancy, labour, delivery and postpartum. Building upon previous course works. Recognising health problems, deviations. Risk in order to implement prevention strategies, management and emergency treatment. RFII specialist role in complications requiring physician consultation and referral. 30h (T); E

ECH 937 Maternal and Infant Nutrition 2 Credits

Reciprocal relationship between reproduction and nutrition. Influence of nutrition during the periods of preconception, pregnancy and the final outcome of pregnancy. Effects of nutrition on growth, physical and mental development and the relation between nutrition and illness and maternal lactation are fundamentals components of the course. 30h (T); E

ECH 938 Care of the Newborn 2 Credits

Theoretical, conceptual and practical bases. Fundamentals to assessment and management of the normal newborn. Risk factors affecting growth and development. Complications of the intra-uterine and neonatal periods. Roles of the RFH specialist in the prevention of birth disorders, breastfeeding, education, recognition of complications, deviations and management of the most common disorders of the neonate. 30h (T); E

ECH 939 Planning and Organisation of Maternal and Infant RFH Services 2 Credits

Basic principles of health planning for the development and organisation of maternal and infant RFH services. Basic concepts of problem solving. Staffing. Budgeting. Coordination and evaluation. Assessment of a specific area to determine needs and priorities and make appropriate recommendations. 30h (T); E

ECH 940 Sexual, Reproductive and Family Health Practice and Management I 2 Credits

RFH management process. Framework for provision of primary health care to essentially healthy women through the life cycle. Techniques of history taking. Physical assessment and utilisation of common screening test. Principles of health promotion. Sexual reproductive and family health disease prevention. Management techniques and therapies. Complementary therapies for the treatment of common health problems of essentially healthy women and newborns. 30h (T); E

ECH 941 Sexual, Reproductive and Family Health Practice and Management I 2 Credits

Sexual, reproductive and family health practice and Management. Principles of health promotion. Sexual, reproductive and family health disease preventions. Management techniques: therapies for the treatment of health problems of essentially healthy women. Nurse-midwifery and midwifery. 30h (T); E

ECH 942 Sexual, Reproductive and Family Health Clinical Management and Practice (Internship) 5 Credits

Runs for 3-6 months and consists of 225 hours of supervised clinical experience in all the phases of the sexual, reproductive, newborn and maternal cycle. Students assume, under faculty supervision, responsibility for clinical management of the essentially normal women during the antepartum, intrapartum, postpartum, and inter- conceptual period. Consultation and referral as appropriate are integrated into the planner of care. 225h (P); E

ECH 943 Infertility 2 Credits

Basic concepts. Infertility research. Different research techniques. Incidence and definitions. Assisted reproductive technology. Psychological model for understanding the impact of infertility. 30h (T); E

ECH 944 Programs and Services for the Disabled Child 2 Credits

Health and social needs of the disabled child. Implications for the planning, organising, and implementing of programs to meet those needs. Concept of comprehensive care. 30h (T); E

ECH 945 Health of the School-age Child 2 Credits

Physical, mental, and social development of the child from conception to adolescence. Characteristics, needs, and problems of the school-age child: learning process, identification in the school setting. 30h (T); E

ECH 946 Family Care in Health Services 2 Credits Significance of socio-economic and cultural variables affecting the family and its health needs. Basic aspects of family health care. Family’s behavior towards it. Basic knowledge for a comprehensive intervention in the family health. 30h (T); E

ECH 947 Population and Family Planning 2 Credits

Population factors and their relation to socio-economic and health conditions. Formulation of population policies as an integral part of a countrys plans for development. Issues in family planning. 30h (T); E

ECH 948 Organisational Behaviour 2 Credits

Managing complex health care systems. Roles associated with managing the individual, the unit, the organisation and larger systems. Leadership and motivational skills relevant to performance as a good leader. 30h (T); E

ECH 949 Management of Health Care Organisations 2 Credits

Introduction to major tasks. Organisational theory. Problems of organisational strategy. Management of human resources. Evaluating performance of operating units. Designing new or improved operating procedures. 15h (T); 45h (P); E

ECH 950 Quality of Health Care 2 Credits

Measurements of clinical care quality: process and outcome data. Impact of severity of illness on outcome. Patient experience/satisfaction using patient survey data. Underuse, overuse and misuse of health care services. Quality improvement: change in health workers practices and organisations. Theory and practical methods employed to make improvement in health systems. 30h (T); E

ECH 951 Health Economics 2 Credits

Economic analysis of health care system. Use of economic analysis to examine major health systems. Competition, market structure, market and government failures, control of cost inflation and managed competition. Financing health care in developing countries. Options in health care financing. Strengths and weaknesses of alternative approach to financing: tax based financing. Social insurance, user fee and community financing. 30h (T); E

ECH 952 Decision Making 2 Credits

Standard model of decision-making under uncertainty. Conceptual foundations, challenges, alternatives and methodological issues arising from the application of these techniques to health issues. Von Neumann-Morgenstern and multi-attribute utility theory, Bayesian statistical, decision theory, stochastic dominance. Regret theory. Prospect theory. Generalized expected utility. 30h (T); E

ECH 953 Marketing 2 Credits

Marketing management. Research strategy and techniques. Marketing strategies and tactics: price, place, product and promotion concepts. Market research. Product strategy: branding, multicultural marketing and promotional decisions. Cases, theories and independent projects. 15h (T); 45h (P); E

ECH 954 Skills and Methods of Health Care Negotiation and Conflict Resolution

2 Credits Theory and practice of negotiation and conflict resolution. Integration, analytic skills, negotiation techniques and conflict resolution methods into practice of public health. Conflict prevention, resolution and initiation. Organisation communication, system design and conflict. 30h (T); E

ECH 955 Communication in Organisation 1 Credit

Nature of communication. Attributes of communication. Communication, informationand control systems. Advocacy in health care. Social mobilisation. 15h (T); E

ECH 956 Managing Information in Health Care 2 Credits

Concepts and knowledge involved in making strategic use of information technology in health care organisations. Key health cases: implications and the impact of IT upon quality, cost and operations. Information systems: providers, players and consumers within the health system. National health management information system. 15 (T); 45h (P); E

ECH 957 Medical Informatics 2 Credits

Data from clinical information systems: clinical effectiveness research, strengths and limitations of data. Overview of medical informatics. Nature of computer-based data. Medical vocabularies and obtaining information from clinical systems with a focus on clinical decision support and their impact evaluation. Large databases. Web: confidentiality related issues, information retrieval, patient computing. 15h (T); 45h (P); E

ECH 958 Health Policy 1 Credit

Policy formulation process. Policy analysis and evaluation. Human resource policies and practices, Remuneration policies. Health system reform. National health policy. 15h (T); E

ECH 959 Politics and Health 1 Credit

Power and politics. Power in groups. Reality of politics in health. Political behaviour and health. Skills of politicking, lobbying and special interest groups. Global politics of health. 15h (T); E

ECH 960 Field/Internship 2 Credits

Posting for 3 months to health organisations and institutions at the levels of primary, secondary and tertiary health care, non-governmental organisations and international agencies. 90h (P); E

ECH 961 Principles of Environmental Health 2 Credits

Components, environment definition, pollution. Human excreta: excreta as a resource, excreta and health. Disposal methods: pit latrine, VIP latrines, septic systems, aqua privies, septic tanks and other emerging technologies. Solid wastes: composition, disposal problems, health problems. Disposal methods: reuse, recycling, controlled tipping/sanitary disposal, incineration, composting, emerging technologies. Air: composition, pollution. Pollutants: particulates, oxides of C,N,S, and smoke. Effects on ecosystems and health. 30h (T); E

ECH 962 Advances in Environmental Sciences 2 Credits

Environmental chemistry, physics and biology. Chemical reactions in ecosystems. Carbon nitrogen, sulphur and phosphorus cycles. Adverse biological reactivity. Human exposure to chemical, physical and biological environmental agents and responses. Noise and radiations control. 30h (T); E

ECH 963 Environmental Epidemiology 2 Credits

Nature of environment: ecological effects. Environmental hazards: chemical, biological effects of acidification. Epidemiological approach to environmental diseases. Epidemiological concepts of disease. Biological inferences. 30h (T); E

ECH 964 Environmental Pollution, Impact Assessment, and Pollution Control 2 Credits

Causes and effect of pollution of water, air and land. Eutrophication of water bodies. Ozone depletion and green house effects. Derelict land and reclamation. Environmental impact assessment. Pollution monitoring and surveillance: national and international regulations. Control of pollution of water, air, land. 30h (T); E

ECH 965 Principles and Practice of Waste Management 2 Credits

Treatment of liquid and solid waste: domestic and industrial management. Concepts of resource recovery and recycling. 30h (T); E

ECH 966 Appropriate Technology for Environmental Health Management 2 Credits

Water technology: dams, boreholes, activated sludge, trickling filters, waste stabilization ponds. Solid waste technology: sewers, sanitary landfill, composting techniques, incineration. Housing technology. Vector control. Air pollution control. Food sanitation. 30h (T); E

ECH 967 Principles of Environmental Design and Human Settlements 2 Credits

Design of houses, shelters, industrial set ups. Ecologically sound design techniques. Urbanisation: causes and consequences for human health. Human settlement: definitions, concepts, types and problems. Human health and housing standards. Housing costs in differentials settlements. Human settlement policies and strategies: implications for health. 30h (T); E

ECH 968 Environmental Toxicology 2 Credits

Nomenclature of principal toxicogenic agents. Routes of entry of noxious agents. Pharmacokinetic, metabolism, detoxification and elimination. End organ effects occupational toxins. Toxicological evaluation of industrial agents. Ames test. 30h (T); E

ECH 969 Community Participation and Resource Mobilisation for Health Programme 2 Credits

Definition and concepts: benefits, drawbacks. Power and leadership structure. Concepts of leadership: types and styles. Concepts of development: culture and development. Community resources: identification, development, reinforcement and mobilisation. Process of adoption of innovation. Stages in the process. How the process can be used for behavioural change. 30h (T); E

ECH 970 Environmental Health, Emergency and Disaster Management 2 Credits

ECH 971 Environmental Health Field Posting 2 Credits

Field Practice in environmental health agency, organisation, and institutions. 30h (T); E

ECH 972 School Based Environmental Health and Safety 2 Credits

Components of the school environment. School-based study on indoor air pollution. Allergic response. Waste recycling. Food safety, hygiene and sanitation. Control of hazards in the school environment. Standards in the school environment. School health services. 30h (T); E

ECH 973 Ecology and Health 2 Credits

Definition. Principles and concepts. Role of man in the environment. Man as agent of pollution. Human activities and climatic change. Man and the environment. Interaction of population, resources. Carrying capacity: land, energy and mineral resources. Ecology of natural and man-made disasters. 30h (T); E

ECH 974 Food Hygiene and Food Safety 2 Credits

Food safety: agents of infection or disease transmission. Food poisoning, chemicals in food, natural toxins. Food sanitation in various industries. Food preservation practices/technologies. Control of food premises and food handlers. 30h (T);

ECH 975 Water Sources and Standards 2 Credits

Water on planet. Water resources and their development. Merits and demerits of sources: water yield, access and utilisation. Hydrologic cycle. Water quality: physiochemical and bacteriological. Water treatment: household, community levels and special treatment methods. WHO water quality and standards. 30h (T); E

ECH 976 Epidemiology of Water Related Diseases 2 Credits

Principles and control of diseases associated with water. Epidemiology of onchocherciaisis and other related tropical diseases. 30h (T); E

ECH 977 Environmental Safety in Public Places 2 Credits

Principles and concepts of safe public environment. Policy and guideline of construction and maintenance of public places: hospital, schools, stadium, parks. Terrorism. 30h (T); E

ECH 978 Environmental Health in Industries and other Work Places 2 Credits

Definition of work environments. Environmental hazards. Occupational health and safety. Maintenance of standards. Prevention and control of environmental dangers/hazards at work place. Management of environmental health issues. 30h (T); E

ECH 979 Housing Regulation and Health 2 Credits

Housing and health: tropical housing. Features of good housing. Slums development and management. Emerging environmental problems: climate change, global warming. Housing policy. Town planning. 30h (T); E

ECH980 Control of Environmental Hazards Due to Noise, Radiation and Toxic Waste 2 Credits

Sources of noise. Characteristics. Measurement of noise. Control of domestic noise pollution. Control of industrial noise pollution. Consequences, effects of noise pollution. Policy on noise. Sources of radiation and toxic waste. Consequences and effects of radiation and toxic wastes. Control of radiation and toxic wastes. Policy. 30h (T);

ECH 981 Management of Ecological Disasters and Ecological Refugees 2 Credits

Definition. Causes and risk factors for ecological disasters. Refugees and displaced persons: problem and managements. International laws guiding refugees. Ecology of natural and man-made disasters. Disaster preparedness. Management and control of the health implications of disasters. International response to disasters. Surveillance in the control of disasters. Disasters relief operations. Management of refugees and internally displaced persons. Epidemics. 30h (T); E

ECH 982 Occupational Health Policy, Regulation and Administration 2 Credits

Legal, regulatory and economic foundation of occupational health activities. Role of government, union, corporation and research organisation. Occupational health regulations. Epidemiologic literature: cancer, respiratory diseases. 30h (T); E

ECH 983 Epidemiology of Occupational Health Diseases 2 Credits

Epidemiology and uncertainty analysis. Validity concept in epidemiological research. Overview of occupational medicine. Basic evaluation, treatment and prevention of occupational diseases: lung, skin, musculoskeletal and reproductive diseases. Detection and management of illness. Finding exposure to specific work place substances. Environmental and community hazards. Medico-legal aspects of occupational health. 30h (T); E

ECH 984 Occupational Health and Safety 2 Credits

Exposure assessment: air sampling, respiration research. Fundamentals of industrial hygiene. Regulation and compliance. Occupational safety, risk and loss. Data management, decision and report. Industrial safety engineering. Injury prevention in the work place, community or home. Data processing. Management of health related factors. 30h (T); E

ECH 985 Sociological Theory in Health Services 2 Credits

Social epidemiology. Health disparities. Management of occupational. Health system. Psychology of health and work place. 30h (T); E

ECH 986 Instrumental Analysis and Laboratory Methods 2 Credits

Chemical and microbiological analysis of water, soil and industrial waste for pollution monitoring and control. Assessment of food safety and hygiene. Assessment of air safety and hygiene. Laboratory scale treatment of industrial wastes. 30h (T); E

ECH 987 Toxicology Food Safety and Analytical Technology 2 Credits

Principle of toxicology. Integration of principle and methods of toxicology. Mechanistic approach to organs and organisms. Toxicological data: evaluation, treatment and prevention of occupational disease. Food toxicity and food safety. Advanced pharmacodynamics: analytical technology. Environmental toxicology. Toxicology and health effects. 30h (T); E

ECH 988 Risk Assessment and Occupational Hazards 2 Credits

Concepts of risks. Occupational and epidemiological risk factors. Assessment of body burden and risk factors. Roles of risk analysis in setting health standard. Exposure assessment in occupational epidemiology. 30h (T); E

ECH 989 Ergonomics and Bio-Mechanics 2 credits

Principles and practice of ergonomics and biomechanics. Concepts of ergonomics and biomechanics in industrialisation and global development. Ergonomics and risk. Hazard minimisation. 30h (T); E

ECH 990 Principle and Practice of Occupational Health 2 Credits

Definition. Scope. Approach. History and methods of occupational health: work environment. Interaction between work and health. Functions of occupational health services. Occupational hazards. Principles of control: occupational accident, occupational health and labour laws. 30h (T); E

ECH 991 Occupational Health Field Practice 3 Credits

Field Practice in environmental health agency, organization, institutions.135h (P); E

ECH 999 Thesis 12 Credits

Advanced fundamental and applied research work. Advanced individual work on doctoral thesis. Review of draft thesis and compilation of final work. Selection of mock panel for oral defense. Individual mock oral defense of final work. 540h (P); C

Graduation Requirements

All core courses are required to be passed at a minimum score of 50%. A minimum of 35 Credits are required for graduation for Ph.D. students comprising 12 Credits from the core courses, a research Thesis of 12 credits and 11 credits from Elective courses. Candidates for Ph.D. Public Health with specialization in Health Education, Epidemiology and Tropical Public Health, Occupational Health, Environmental Health, Reproductive Health, Public Health Nutrition and Health Management shall be required to take 35 Credits including

Thesis (12 Credits), appropriate core courses and the subspecialty courses in which they must obtain a satisfactory level of performance. A candidate for Ph.D. in Public Health with specialization in the various sub-disciplines shall prepare and submit a thesis, which shall embody his original research carried out substantially during the period of his registration and making definite contribution to scholarship.

I. Summary

Specialisation in Health Education Core Courses: