M.Sc. Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Master of Science in Pharmacology and Therapeutics

M.Sc. Pharmacology and Therapeutics

1. List of Academic Staff

Name	Status and Qualifications	Research Interest
A.A. Njan	Professor, Head of Department. B.Sc.,(Calabar); M.Sc. (NAU, Awka); Ph.D. (MUST, Mbarara); PGD Research Methods (UCSF, San- Francisco)	Toxicology CNS and Ethnopharmacology
Olufunke .E. Olorundare	B.Sc. (ABU, Zaria); M.Sc., Ph.D. (Wisconsin, Madison)	CVS/Blood Pharmacology CNS Pharmacology Cancer Chemoprevention
Mary O. Ologe	Senior Lecturer, B.Pharm (OAU, Ile-Ife); M.Sc. (Lagos); M.Phil. (OAU Ile-Ife); Ph.D. (Ibadan)	Chemotherapy, Ethnopharmacology and Drug delivery
S.O Afolabi	Lecturer I, B.Sc. (Ilorin); M.Sc. (Lagos); Ph.D. (Ilorin)	Cancer Chemoprevention, Ethnopharmacology and Toxicology
A.O Agede	Lecturer I, MB; BS (Ilorin); FMCP (Nigeria)	Endocrinology, CVS and Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
A.O. Alli- oluwafuyi	Lecturer II, B.Sc. (Ilorin); M.Sc. (Ibadan); Ph.D. (Ilorin)	Experimental and Endocrine Pharmacology
E.O. Iwalewa	Professor, B. Sc., M. Sc. (Ibadan); Ph.D. (ABU, Zaria)	Ethnopharmacology, Inflammatory Pharmacology and Chemotherapy
E.T. Jolayemi	Professor, B. Sc., M.Sc. (Ibadan); Ph.D. (Ilorin)	Biostatistics and Data Analysis
L. A. Olatunji	Professor, B.Sc. (Ilorin); M.Sc. (Lagos); Ph.D. (Ilorin)	Cardiovascular & Membrane Physiology
L. A Olayaki	Professor, MB.BS (ABU, Zaria); M.Sc. (Lagos); Ph.D. (Ilorin)	Endocrine & Reproduction Physiology
M. S. Ajao	Professor, MB.BS (ABU, Zaria); M Sc. (Lagos); Ph.D. (Johannesburg)	Neuroanatomy and Forensic Anthropology.
J. O. Adebayo	Professor, B. Sc., M. Sc., Ph.D. (Ilorin)	Biochemical toxicology, Clinical Biochemistry, Antimalarial Chemotherapy.
R. O. Arise	Senior Lecturer, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. (Ilorin)	Enzymology and Drug Metabolism
.P. Kolo	Professor,MB;BS (ABU, Zaria); FMCP	Cardiovascular Medicine

O.B. Akinola	Professor, B.Sc. (Ilorin); M.Sc. (Lagos); Ph.D. (Ilorin)	Neuroscience and Endocrinology
B.U. Enaibe	Professor, B.Med. Sci. (Port Harcourt); M.Sc. (Calabar); Ph.D. (OAU, Ile-Ife)	Developmental Biology and Histochemistry
B.V. Owoyele	Profesor, B.Sc. (Ilorin); M.Sc. (Ibadan); Ph.D. (Ilorin)	Neuroscience and Inflammation
K.A. Adeniji	Senior Lecturer, B.Sc., MB.ChB (OAU, Ile-Ife); FMCPath	Breast Cancer

Lecturers from other Departments

B. Introduction

To develop highly skilled manpower for teaching and research for the public, private and international organizations in the field of Pharmacology.

C. Philosophy

The guiding philosophy emphasizes the development of scientific investigators who have a broad interdisciplinary background in modern concepts and approaches of pharmacology and toxicology. We also train individuals in state-of-the art approaches to hypothesis-driven research. Our program is designed to be exciting and challenging, and at the same time, supportive and flexible enough to meet the specific needs and interests of students.

D. Aim and Objectives

These are to:

• Produce competent academic scientists in the area of Pharmacology, carefully trained to fit into sectors where drugs are handled and developed (Research Units, Drug Quality Control, Hospitals, Drug Production and Safety) as well as researchers in Pharmacology in Nigerian higher institutions and international communities for which Pharmacology is an essential ingredient.
  • Develop in the graduate students, adequate research competence and capabilities in the fields of experimental drug design and development, and/or Clinical pharmacology.

E. Admission requirements

• For the M.Sc. programme, candidates should have at least a Second Class Honours degree in Pharmacology or in a related biomedical subject such as Physiology and Biochemistry from a recognized university. Candidates with an MBBS or Pharmacy degree and their equivalent and holders of DVM and other professionals within Medicine are also eligible. Non-pharmacy and non-medical degree graduates in relevant disciplines must have at least a second-class Upper Division or Equivalent. Candidates who have not

undertaken full undergraduate pharmacology courses but possess PGD in Pharmacology are also eligible for consideration for admission.

F. Duration of the programme

The duration of the M.Sc. Programme shall be a minimum of 18 calendar months based on course work and original research project and a maximum duration of 24 Months. Four additional Months shall be allowed for those in category (ii) above. Part time students will be allowed 24 months and 36 months respectively.

G. Detailed course description

PHM 801 General Principles of Pharmacology 2 Credits

Definition and scope of pharmacology; Origin and sources of drugs; Routes of administration of drugs;  Overview of Pharmacokinetics: absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion; Pharmacodynamics: concepts of drug-receptor interactions, structure activity relationship, mode of action of drugs, types of drugs action; Drug interactions, individual variation; Pharmacogenetics: tolerance and tachyphylaxis, pharmacovigilance (adverse drug reaction); Introduction to biochemical pharmacology; Composition and functions of subcellular organelles as related to drug action; transport of drugs across biological membranes; theories of drug action; Mechanisms of drug action. 30h (T); C

PHM 805 Autonomic Pharmacology 2 Credits

General anatomy and physiology of the autonomic nervous system; Neurohumoral transmission: adrenergic, cholinergic, monoamines, adenine nucleotides and prostaglandins clinically used drugs that interact with these systems are also discussed. 30h (T); C

PHM 806 Advanced Pharmacokinetics 2 Credits

Principles of drugs absorption, distribution, biotransformation and disposition; First and zero order kinetics; Compartmental modeling concepts; Pharmacokinetic parameters: clearance, half life, apparent volume of distribution, rate constants, bioavailability; Area under the curve and their various mathematical relationships and clinical applications; Repetitive drug administration, multiple dosing schedule and continuous intravenous infusion; Loading and maintenance dosing; First pass effect, extraction ratio; Flow-dependent and non-flow dependent kinetic; Genetic geriatric disease and environmental influences on drug handling; Therapeutics Drug testing and monitoring. 15h (T); 45h (P); C

PHM 807 Endocrinology 2 Credits

Endocrine-system: cyclic nucleotides, neuro endocrinology, hormones of the posterior and anterior pituitary gland, the pineal organ, adrenocortical hormones, insulin and glucagon, thyroid and parathyroid gland hormones, gastrointestinal hormones, sex hormones and contraceptives; Billing‘s ovulation methods: a natural contraceptive means of helping infertile women become pregnant; Sex pre-selection: a natural means of preselecting the child‘s sex before pregnancy; Prostaglandins, histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and vasoactive polypeptides. 30h (T); C

PHM 820 Advanced CNS Pharmacology 2 Credits

Basic pharmacology of the Central Nervous Systems; Major transmitters of the CNS: Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), Dopamine, Acetylcholine, Glycine, Noradrenaline; Putative neurotransmitters and neuropeptides; Sedative-Hypnotics, narcotic and non- narcotic analgesia, antitussives, general anaesthesia, CNS stimulants and analeptics, anticonvulsants; Drug abuse and addiction; Psychotropic drugs; Amine theories of mental illness; Parkinsonism, depression, mania, migraine and schizophrenia and drug treatment of these conditions. 30h (T); C

PHM 821 Chemotherapy 3 Credits

Mechanisms of action of drugs on bacterial cells; Immunity, pharmacokinetics of antibacterial drugs; Clinically relevant drug interactions with antibacterial drugs; Susceptibility to bacterial infection, bacterial resistance; Advances in tuberculosis and leprosy therapy; Current antimicrobial drugs and development of new drugs; Toxicity of antimicrobial agents. Fundamentals of nucleic acid and protein synthesis; Normal and malignant cells; Modalities of cancer treatment; Therapeutic principles, combination therapy, sequential drug treatment, combined modalities (surgical drugs and radiation therapy); Antineoplastic chemotherapy and the immune system. Chemotherapy of parasitic infections: worm infestations, amoebiasis, malaria, schistosomiasis, trypanosomiasis. 45h (T); C

PHM 822 Systemic Pharmacology 3 Credits

Drugs acting on the organ systems: cardiovascular, respiratory, alimentary, urinary, haematopoietics, Antirheumatic drugs, Dermatological preparations, Diuretics and antidiuretics, heart failure, Hypertension, arrhythmias, angina and infection of ardiovascular importance. Immunoglobulins, immunogenetics, antigens: immune response, immune system and disease, immune systems and organ transplants; Drug allergy, immunosuppression; Immunology techniques. 45h (T); C

PHM 823 Pharmacological Techniques and Principles of Drug Evaluation 2 Credits

Critical evaluation of laboratory models (in-vivo and in-vitro techniques in drug evaluation; Principles of drug actions; Site of drug action: receptor, enzyme, carriers and ionic gates with examples; Different forms of concentration/dose- effect-curves; A-S plots; Investigative techniques in CVS, CNS, ANS, inflammation, chemotherapy; Use of PCR machine, Gel Electrophoresis; Introduction to Blots techniques; Laboratory testing for active ingredients in drug preparations; Chromatographic methods:; HPLC and UPLC systems: mass spectrometry, U-V spectrometry, Fluorimetry, colorimetry; Detection methods: UV, electrochemical, thermal; clinical trials. 15h (T); 45h (P); C

PHM 824 Advanced Clinical Pharmacology 2 Credits

Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical Trials: phases I-IV; Helsinki Declaration; Drug reactions: side/unwanted effects, toxic effects, drug idiosyncrasy, pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics; Drug interactions: Pharmacokinetics in clinical practice; Geriatric and neonatal drug use in pregnancy and lactation; Pharmacoeconomics: Drugs formularies; Standard treatment guidelines; Drug management of pain, sleep disorders, mental illnesses cardiovascular and endocrine disorders. 30h (T); E

PHM 825 General Toxicology 3 Credits

General principles of exposure to toxic agents and their treatment; Insecticide, herbicides and other pesticides; Snake venom and other toxins of animal origin; Food toxicology: alcohol, tobacco and other social poisons; Heavy metals and other industrial toxic agents: phytotoxicology, solvents, vapours and gases; Cosmetics, radiation and radioactive materials; Systemic toxicology: toxicology of the CNS, liver, kidney, blood and reproductive system; Experimental toxicology: dose-response relationships, median lethal dose, acute and chronic toxicity studies; Applied toxicology, clinical toxicology and forensic toxicology; Environmental and ecotoxicology; Veterinary toxicology; Treatment and disposal of hazardous wastes. 30h (T); 45h (P); C

PHM 826 Research Methodology and Bioethics 2 Credits

Definition of research; Types of research investigations; General and specific purpose of research; Research process; Sampling techniques, avoidance of bias; Definition of variables; Design and pre- testing of record forms, compilation of research budgeting, monitoring and control of research process; Report writing; Ethics of research integrity. Basic principles and concepts of bioethics; Professional ethics in health research, authorship; patient/doctor relationships; Role of culture, religion and gender involvement in clinical care and health research. 30h (T); C

PHM 828 Principles of Ethnopharmacology 2 Credits

Definition: folk and herbal medicine; Pharmacological evaluation. approach to drug screening and evaluation. 30h (T); E

PHM 855 Selected and Suggested Reading 2 Credits

Presentation of seminar on specific/special topics of interest. 30h (T); C

PHM 899 – Research Dissertation 6 Credits

Original research dissertation conducted on an approved topic in mentoring the candidate‘s ability at initiating and carrying out selected research, at the end of which there will be a dissertation and oral defence. 270h (P); C

ECH 842 Introduction to Medical Statistics 2 Credits

Use of statistics and sources of data. Collection, organization and summaristion of data. Basic probability concepts. Probability distribution. Sampling distribution. Sampling distributions. Estimation techniques. Hypothesis testing. 30h (T); C

ANA 807 Human Genetics 2 Credits

Introduction. Molecular basis of genetics/gene. Mendelism. Inheritance patterns in Mendelian heredity. Multifactorial inheritance. Meiosis. Chromosome studies/mapping. Mutation and mutagenesis. DNA repair. Genetic diseases and treatment. Genetic counselling. Development genetics. Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics. Radiation genetics. Transplantation genetics. Blood group genetics. Dermatoglyphic and genetics. 5h (T);, 45h (P); E

BCH 810 Immunochemistry 3 Credits

Immune system. Structure and functions of primary and secondary lymphoid organs. Chemistry and biological properties of immunoglobulins. Antibody diversity, antigen and complement system.

Inflammation. Macrophages. Leucocytes. Phagocytosis. Abnormalities in the immune system: immune-oncology, HIV. Immunochemical techniques. 30h (T); E

BCH 812 Bioinformatics 2 Credits

Scripting. Use of computer programs. Installation of programs and navigation. Sequence blasting. Gene sequence alignment. Primer design. Phylogenetic analysis. Protein alignment. Data mining. 15h (T); 45h (P); E

PAT  811 General and Systemic Pathology 2 Credits

General principle and mechanism of diseases; Cell reaction and adaptation to injury; Acute and chronic inflammation; Healing, repair and regeneration in wound healing; Genetic basis of diseases; Carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism disorders; Systemic pathology of CVS, CNS, GIT, renal and endocrine. 30h (T); E

PHS 807 General Physiology 2 Credits

Cell structure and functions. Genes and DNA. Membrane physiology. Transport of substances across membranes and bioelectric potentials. Free radicals. Ageing. 15h (T); 45h (P); E

• Graduation Requirements

Total number of Credits needed for graduation

Core courses = 30 Elective = 6

TOTAL       = 36

1. Summary

Core Courses: PHM 801 (2), PHM 805(2), PHM 806(2), PHM 807(2), PHM 820 (2), PHM 821

(3), PHM 822 (3), PHM 823 (2), PHM 826 (2), PHM 855 (2), PHM 899 (6), ECH 842 (2). TOTAL

= 30 Credits

Elective Courses: ANA 807 (2), BCH 810 (3), BCH 812 (2), PAT 811 (2), PHM 824 (3), PHM

825 (3), PHM 828 (2), PHS 807 (3). = 17