M. Sc. Applied Geophysics

Department of Geophysics

Masters of Science in Applied Geophysics

M. Sc. Applied Geophysics

List of Academic Staff

NAME	Qualification	Areas of Specialisation
S. Olatunji	Reader & Ag. Head of Department B. Sc. Ed. (Ilorin); M.Sc., Ph.D.(ABU, Zaria)	Gravity, Magnetic, and Electrical methods
W. O. Raji	Reader B.Sc., M.Sc. (Ilorin); Ph.D. (Liverpool)	Seismic methods, Electrical methods, Petrophysics and Well-log Analysis, Structural Geology, Mining Geophysics
A. K. Olawuyi	Senior Lecturer B.Sc. (Calabar); M.Sc. (Ilorin); Ph.D. (FUTA, Akure)	Magnetics method, Gravity method, Electrical methods
I. O. Folorunso	Senior Lecturer B.Sc. (Ilorin); PGD. (Ibadan), M.Sc., Ph.D. (Ilorin)	Mineral Exploration, Electrical methods, Magnetic method
T. O. Adeoye	Lecturer I B.Sc. (Ilorin); M.Tech. (FUTA, Akure)	Seismic methods, Electrical Methods, Petrophysics and Well- log Analysis
H. O. Abubakar	Lecturer II B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. (Ilorin)	GIS and Remote sensing, Electrical methods, Magnetic Methods.
*K. Rauf	Professor B.Sc. (Ilorin); M.Sc., PGDC (OAU, Ife); M.Sc., Ph.D. (Ilorin)	Calculus, Time Series and Convolution
*A. A. Adekeye	Professor B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. (Ilorin)	Sedimentology, Petroleum Geology, Stratigraphy, and Biostratigraphy
*A. B. Alabi	Professor B. Sc. (OAU, Ile-Ife); M. Sc., Ph.D. (Ilorin)	Materials science
*O.O. Ige	Reader B.SC., M.Sc., Ph.D. (Ilorin)	Engineering Geology, Hydrogeology, Environmental Geology
*K. O. Olojoku	Lecturer I B. Sc. (Ilorin); M. Sc.(FUT, Minna); Ph.D. Bloemfontein	Environmental Geology, Ground water Geophysics, Environmental Geochemistry
*L.A. Sunmonu	Professor B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D.(Ibadan)	Solid earth seismology, Magnetics Methods, Electrical methods

*Lecturers from other Departments

B. Introduction

This Postgraduate programme in Applied Geophysics is to provide advanced training in the applications of Geophysics to multi-sectoral disciplines in Earth Sciences especially in the areas of oil and gas, solid minerals, groundwater, environmental and engineering geoscience. The programme is aimed to produce high skilled man power capable of making significant contribution to the socio-economic development of the country through the applications of the theories and practice of different areas of specialization in geophysics.

C. Philosophy

The philosophy of the programme is anchored on the development of high level manpower to pursue careers in academic, research and industrial endeavours. It is to provide degree of specialisation in the context of expanding knowledge for solving real life problems and in readiness for advance research.

D. Aim and Objectives

The aim of postgraduate programme in Applied Geophysics is to produce competent and skilled man power with advanced knowledge of Geophysics both in theory and practical applications.

Objectives:

Train and produce skilled human power for the development of energy, solid mineral, water and environmental sector of country.
Produce manpower with cutting-edge skills for teaching, research, scientific innovation and technological development to take up the challenges in academic institutions and community services.
Provide the necessary training and exposures in all aspects of Applied Geophysics endeavours that are required for national development especially in the areas of minerals, hydrocarbon, groundwater development, roads, dams and other civil engineering construction, and environmental pollution studies.

E. Admission Requirements

Candidate seeking admission to M. Sc. Applied Geophysics programme are required to have:

‗O‘ Level or its equivalent credit passes in five subjects to include English Language, Physics, Mathematics, Chemistry, and any one of: Further Mathematics, Biology, and Geography. Further mathematics will be a further advantage in a case of competition.
Bachelor of science degrees in Geophysics, Geology, Mining Engineering or Physics with at least second class upper division from University of Ilorin, or any other reputable universities accredited by the National Universities Commission, NUC.
Bachelor of science degrees in Geophysics, Geology, mining Engineering or Physics with second class lower division from University of Ilorin, or any other reputable universities accredited by the National Universities Commission, NUC and with a minimum of 60% Scores in entrance examination.
Postgraduate diploma in Geophysics from any reputable Universities accredited by the National Universities Commission, NUC and with a minimum of 60% Scores in entrance examination.
A candidate with M.Sc. in relevant discipline may be accepted for M.Sc. in Applied geophysics after satisfactory performance in entrance examinations. Students without appropriate exposure to the earth sciences must take remedial course(s) to acquire the necessary working background.

F. Duration of the Programme

The Full-time programme shall run for a minimum of 18 Calendar months and a maximum of 24 calendar months.

G. Detailed Course Description

GPH 801 Physics of the Earth’s Interior 3 Credits

Seismology and the internal structure of the earth. Elasticity and thermal state of the earth. Physical and chemical characteristics of the earth. Application of Physics and thermodynamics to earth materials. The magnetic field of the earth: main field and time- varying components. Age and thermal state. Geochronology. Geodynamics. 30h(T); 45(P); C

GPH 802 Time Series Analysis and Data Processing 3 Credits

Signal Theory. Continuous and Discrete Fourier series. Convolution integral. Correlation integral. Power spectral analysis. Filtering techniques. Application to geophysical data processing. Practical Examples and Classwork. 30h(T); 45(P); C

GPH 803 Borehole Geophysics 2 Credits

Theories and methods of boreholes geophysics. Well-logging techniques. Log. Interpretation. Exercises. Types of geophysical well logs and information obtainable from them. Logging procedure and instrumentation, Archie‘s Law. A general survey of the electrical Logs (S.P, resistivity – conventional and focused), induction, radiation, density and sonic methods of borehole geophysics – their applicability, advantages and limitations. 15h(T); 45(P); C

GPH 804 Research Seminar in Geophysics 2 credits

Literature Study, Case study, Writing up and oral presentation of a topic on an aspect of the area of specialization. 90(P); C

GPH 805 Dissertation 6 Credits

Special geophysical in investigation with the report including results and interpretation being presented dissertation. 180(P); C

GPH 806 Gravity and Magnetic Methods 3 Credits

Ambiguity in interpretation and conditions for uniqueness. Resolution of anomalies. Limiting formulae. Gravity and magnetic effects of some simple models. Anomaly characteristics, depth rules, geometrical constructions, and use of integral transforms computation of gravity and magnetic anomalies for irregular bodies. Regional, residual and vertical derivatives. Upward and downward continuation, and their uses. Poisson’s relation between gravity and magnetic potential. Magnetic reduction to pole. Remanent magnetisation in magnetic interpretation. Frequency domain analysis. 30h(T); 45(P); C

GPH 809 Geophysical Field Work 3 Credits

Each student will undertake detailed geological and geophysical mapping of a given area using combined geophysical methods with a view to solve a particular problem and /or contribute to the existing knowledge. 180(P); C

GPH 807 Seismic Methods 3 Credits

The propagation of elastic wave through solids. The effect of boundaries between different media. The Ray path method. Detection of ground motion and the theories of mechanical and electrical seismographs. Advance refraction and reflection techniques of exploration. Instrumentation for land and marine data acquisition, recording system and array. Subsurface Seismic methods: VSP and Cross well Seismic Methods Specialized interpretation techniques of reflection seismic data (land and sea). Velocity Spectra, Velocity determination. Static Migration. Synthetic Seismogram technique. Industrial seismic Data processing.30h(T); 45(P); E

GPH 808 Electrical and Electromagnetic Methods 3 Credits

Advanced electrical resistivity (E.R). Self-potential (S.P) and the induced polarization techniques of geophysical prospecting. Data collection, Correction and consideration of specialized interpretation technique. Application of the electrical methods in geological mapping, mineral investigation, engineering site investigation, groundwater and geothermal energy investigations. Electromagnetic theory; Description of EM fields. Combination of fields. Amplitude and phase relations, Mutual Inductance. Ground Electromagnetic processing methods; Tilt (or Dip) Angle Methods, VLF and AFMG- Field Techniques and Interpretation: Types curves and phasor (Argand) diagrams. Airborne EM methods; Quadrature methods. Long wire system; AFMAG, VLF and Input methods. Field and Data interpretation procedures. 30h(T); 45(P); E

GPH 810 Radiometric Methods 2 Credits

Principles of radioactivity, Radioactivity of rocks and minerals ionization chamber Geiger – Muller counter; Scintillation meter; Miscellaneous instrument and calibration. Field techniques. Spectrometric Surveys. Aero-spectrometric methods. Interpretation procedures. 15h(T); 45(P); E

GPH 811 Instrumentation 2 Credits

The Design, development, fabrication and modification of Geophysical Instruments. Basic understanding of the Electronic design of geophysical equipment. Troubleshooting. Physical principles of Electronic Devices Analysis and design of electronic circuits, filters, Amplifiers, Oscillators, Pulse and Switching circuits, Amplitude frequency Pulse modulation, Power Supplies, microprocessor and their applications in Geophysical instruments. 15h(T); 45h (P); E

GPH 812 Data Processing and Digital Filter Theory 2 Credits

Applied Numerical Methods, Linear and Non-linear Optimization techniques. Linear programming. Numerical models of dynamic system. Automatic interpretation algorithms. Geophysical numerical modelling Signal Theory. Theory of Discrete – Time Linear Systems, Convolution, Correlations, Special Analysis: Transforms, Power Spectral Analysis, Filtering techniques, Statistical methods. Application to Geophysical Data Processing. 15h(T); 45(P); E

GPH 813 Principles of Palaeomagnetism 2 Credits

Detrital Magnetization, Thermo-remanent magnetization, Collection and treatment of Data, magnetic cleaning, measurement of natural remanent magnetization, Investigation of other magnetic properties of rocks Temperature effects, stereographic projection. Application of results of paleomagnetism. 15h(T); 45(P); E

GPH 814 Modelling in Geophysical Prospecting 2 Credits

Modelling conditions, modelling parameters. The resistivity model tank, magnetic response modelling. Electromagnetic scale modelling. Velocity modelling, Electrical Resistivity Tomography, Applications of modelling to geophysical interpretations. 15h(T); 45(P); E

GPH 815 Basic Geology for Geophysics 3 Credits

Introduction to the basic principles of stratigraphy Applied physical stratigraphy. Introduction to Structural Geology and interpretation for potential mineral resources. Simple geological structures, interpretation of folds, faults and fractures. Basic map reading, photo-geology and interpretation, Introduction to petrology; Igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary. Mineral deposits, their geology and uses. Identification of various rock types and their composition, Economic geology: Geology of petroleum; Oil accumulation and nature, Origin of Oil, Migration and accumulation of Oil, Discussion of various traps and salf Domes, Basic concepts of Hydro/Engineering Geology and Marine Geology. 30h(T); 45(P); E

GPH 816 Mathematics for Geophysics 3 Credits

Limits Continuity and differentiability. Mean Value Theorem, maxima and minima. Error Analysis and Leas of Squares Techniques Vector Analysis, Differentiation of a vector, sequences and series, Fourier series volume integrals. The Fourier and Laplace Transforms. Solution of Laplace equation Spherical Harmonic Analysis, Polynomial Surface and their computation. 30h(T); 45(P); E

GPH 817 Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System 3 Credits

Principles and methods of remote sensing. GIS and exploration techniques. Interpretation of GIS for mineral exploration. Interpretations of aerial photographs. Satellite imagery and their interpretation LANDSAT, SPOT, Radar, etc. GIS and environmental factors 30h(T);, 45h (P); E

GPH 818 Groundwater and Environmental Geophysics 2 Credits

Application of geophysical methods in groundwater and environmental pollution studies. Direct and indirect investigation techniques. Aquiver identification and delineation in typical basement complex and sedimentary areas. Mapping of geological structures favourable to groundwater accumulation, determination of aquiver parameters, porosity and its mapping. Groundwater quality determination, mapping of saline water zones and chemical pollution plumes. Case histories. 30h(T); 45(P); E

SCI 801 Management and Entrepreneurship 2 Credits

Feasibility studies Entrepreneurship skills development. Organization and management of business. Sourcing for funds. Financial management. Patency. Marketing and managerial problems. 30h (T); C

SCI 802 Scientific Research Methodology 2 Credits

Principles of scientific research: Data collection, processing and Analysis. Statistical packages: Precision and accuracy of estimate. Hypothesis: Formulation and testing. Organization of research. Report writing and presentation. Research ethics and grants. 30h (T); C

PHY 802 Applied Electronics and Workshop Practice 3 Credits

Workshop – safety precautions. Basic hand tools and bench work practice. Plain and cylindrical generation of smooth surface using power operated machines. Selection and properties of materials used for construction – metallic and non-metallic. Metal joining devices and adhesives in common use. Soldering techniques and wrap joints. Multi- meters and oscilloscopes. Auto-ranging in measuring instruments. A survey of the use of electronic circuit devices e.g., diodes, transistors including FET, integrated circuits, photocells. Selection, use and care of test instruments. Survey of pick-ups and transducer devices. Basic circuit synthesis and analysis. Pulse circuits. Instrumentation and measuring techniques: impedance matching. Probes – active and input and output impedance using the scope. 30h(T); 45(P); E

GPH 823 Electromagnetic Theory 2 Credits

Electrostatic potential problems. Poisson and Laplace‘s equation method of images, Green‘s theorem, multiple expansions. Magnetic fields. Stokes theorem, vector potential. Electromagnetic Maxwell‘s equation. Propagation of electromagnetic waves in different ionized and non-ionized media, phase velocity, group velocity and pulse propagation, attenuation, refraction, energy propagation and transfer, polarization and dispersion. Green function methods, diffraction theory, simple radiating systems, Lagrangian derivation of Maxwell‘s equations and the covariant structure of electromagnetism. 15h(T);45(P); E

H. Graduation Requirements

To qualify for the award of Master of Science degree in Applied Geophysics (in any of the different areas of specialization), a candidate must pass at least 39 credits comprising 26 credits in core courses and 13 credits in elective courses.

I. Summary

In summary, each student must offer all the core courses and all the elective courses s listed under his/her area of specialization.

Core Courses: SCI 801(2), SCI 802(2), GPH 801(3), GPH 802(3), GPH 803(2), GPH 804(2), GPH805(6), GPH 806(3), GPH 809(3)C = 26 Credits

i. Environmental and Groundwater

Elective Courses: GPH 808(3); GPH 816 (3) GPH 811(2); GPH 818(2); In addition, Geology graduates are to offer GPH 823 (3) while Physics and Engineering Graduates are to offer

GPH 815 (3) E = 13 Credits

Total (C+E) = 39 Credits

ii. Energy Resources and Petroleum Exploration

Elective Courses: GPH 807(3); GPH 816 (3) GPH 811(2); GPH 810 (2); In addition, Geology graduates are to offer GPH 823 (3) while Physics and Engineering Graduates are to offer

GPH 815 (3)

E = 13 Credits

Total (C+E) = 39 Credits

iii. Solid Mineral Exploration and Mining

Elective Courses: GPH 808(3); GPH 816 (3), GPH 811(2), GPH 814 (2); In addition, Geology graduates are to offer GPH 823 (3) while Physics and Engineering Graduates are to offer GPH 815 (3)E = 13 Credits

Total (C+E) = 39 Credits

M. Sc. Applied Geophysics

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